{"id":964,"date":"2021-10-12T00:09:02","date_gmt":"2021-10-12T00:09:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/resourceguru.wpengine.com\/?p=964"},"modified":"2024-08-06T13:52:56","modified_gmt":"2024-08-06T13:52:56","slug":"project-negotiating","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/blog\/project-management\/project-negotiating","title":{"rendered":"Guide to negotiation in project management"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Project managers are professional negotiators.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We\u2019re negotiating constantly\u2014even when we don\u2019t realize it. We negotiate resources, timelines, budget, and scope every time we start a new project. We negotiate stakeholder expectations and vacation plans. We don&#8217;t just use negotiation in project management; we probably even negotiate at home: it\u2019s fine to have burgers tonight, kiddos, but we\u2019re getting Indian takeout on Friday.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unlike kids, who are quick to give sharp, definitive feedback, business negotiation is a little murkier. Most people don\u2019t know how well they\u2019ve actually done until after the conversation concludes. For example, a project manager may leave the conversation feeling happy with the outcome, na\u00efve to the fact that they could have negotiated less float to hit a tight deadline. (I may or may not be speaking from a painful experience.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Regardless of which <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/blog\/popular-project-methodologies\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">project management methodology<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> you use, negotiation is a critical skill for any project manager.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you\u2019re looking to sharpen your project management negotiation skills, you\u2019ve come to the right place. Below we outline why negotiation is an important skill to PMs, when project managers need to employ those skills, and which negotiation skills project managers need to master with a few helpful tips along the way.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But before we get into all that, let\u2019s talk about what negotiation is and the psychology behind it.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">In this article \ud83d\udcd6<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/blog\/project-management\/project-negotiating\/#What-is-negotiation-in-project-management\" >What is negotiation in project management?\u00a0<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/blog\/project-management\/project-negotiating\/#What-are-common-project-management-negotiation-scenarios\" >What are common project management negotiation scenarios?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/blog\/project-management\/project-negotiating\/#5-negotiation-skills-and-hacks-every-project-manager-should-know\" >5 negotiation skills and hacks every project manager should know<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/blog\/project-management\/project-negotiating\/#Negotiation-in-project-management-Conclusions\" >Negotiation in project management: Conclusions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What-is-negotiation-in-project-management\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What is negotiation in project management?\u00a0<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"adblock adblock--bright11\">\r\n<div class=\"adblock__image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2209\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/avatar.png\" alt=\"Avatar\" width=\"562\" height=\"576\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2204\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/jamie-colarossi.png\" alt=\"Jamie Colarossi\" width=\"548\" height=\"576\" \/><\/div>\r\n<blockquote>\"Resource Guru has significantly improved our visibility, boosting project ownership and forecasting ability.\"\r\n\r\n<footer><strong>Jamie Colarossi\r\n<\/strong>Resource Manager<\/footer>\r\n<svg class=\"curve__right\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 236\">\r\n<path d=\"M42,0H0C20.4,38,31.14,77.5,31.14,118S20.4,198,0,236H42Z\" style=\"fill:#40264d;fill-rule:evenodd\"\/><\/svg>\r\n<svg class=\"curve__bottom\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 236 42\">\r\n<path d=\"M236,42V0c-38,20.4-77.5,31.14-118,31.14S38,20.4,0,0V42Z\" style=\"fill:#40264d;fill-rule:evenodd\"\/><\/svg>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<div class=\"adblock__link\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/resourceguru_2019\/images\/resource-guru-vertical.svg\" \/>\r\n<a id=\"customtestimonial\" class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\">Try It Free<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Negotiation is a discussion or process of reaching an agreement. There are shorter negotiations\u2014like discussing what you\u2019ll have for dinner tonight with your spouse\u2014and longer negotiations. Most negotiation in project management lasts longer than an evening.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>The negotiation process<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All negotiations go through a particular process, regardless of if you\u2019re trying to get a toddler to eat a green pea or if you\u2019re trying to convince an engineer to stay on call over the course of a weekend. Negotiations consist of five parts: deciding to negotiate, preparing for the negotiation, negotiating, executing, and then following up.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s use that toddler example as an easy demonstration.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>1. Deciding to negotiate<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When deciding whether or not to negotiate, all parties have four options: to dominate, acquiesce, avoid, or negotiate.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the case of the toddler, the parent could decide to dominate (pinch the kid\u2019s mouth open and force-feed peas), acquiesce (stare at the peas remaining on the toddler\u2019s plate and say nothing), avoid (don\u2019t put peas on the toddler\u2019s plate to begin with), or negotiate (prepare to work something out with a toddler).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>2. Preparing for the negotiation<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Preparing to negotiate can take a long time or quick thinking on behalf of the project manager. You have to know your goals, what the other party\u2019s goal(s) are, where you\u2019re willing and unwilling to compromise, and what the other party is willing and unwilling to compromise.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, your toddler has twenty peas on her plate. You know she is wholly unwilling to eat all twenty peas, but anything less than five peas is inexcusable to you. Your goal is to have her eat vegetables as part of a balanced meal, and her goal is to avoid vegetables because she would prefer to fill up on sweets.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>3. Negotiating<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here\u2019s where all the project management people and negotiation skills come into play; it\u2019s the actual process of working with another individual to develop a solution. Project managers can use their negotiation skills (and tips and tricks listed below) to reach an agreement. This process includes coming up with mutually beneficial ideas, considering alternative solutions, weighing different options and outcomes, and selecting a way to move forward.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, your toddler might be keener on eating her peas if she\u2019s given an alternative: eating leftover broccoli instead. You and she both agree that if given a choice between three broccoli florets and twelve peas, she would rather eat the peas. You agree to sit with her at the table until she\u2019s finished and that she can have some sweets right after.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In a more formal setting, both parties might sign an agreement for how they would commit to proceeding.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>4. Executing<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Executing is what it sounds like: all parties follow through on their commitments.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You sit at the table with the toddler. The toddler is free to make faces at her peas and wait until they get cold before eating them, but the second that twelfth pea gets swallowed, she gets a small cookie. A deal is a deal.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><strong>5. Following up<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Finally, set yourself up to negotiate in the future. Relationships aren\u2019t as simple as completing one interaction and forgetting everything that comes before or after it. Make sure the relationship continues smoothly after the deal.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example, you might thank your toddler for her hard work eating her peas. You can tell her how good it makes you feel when she\u2019s willing to compromise and give her dedicated playtime before the next meal.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"What-are-common-project-management-negotiation-scenarios\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">What are common project management negotiation scenarios?<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Beyond parenting, there are several scenarios where project managers have to flex their diplomacy skills. Consider the following scenarios:<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>1. Reining in a wild stakeholder vision<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We\u2019ve all seen it before. A stakeholder wants a brand new program that can do everything\u2014manage itineraries, balance a budget, keep stock filled, and monitor a wireless security camera. This visionary wants the project done in 90 days with a team of three people and \u201cas bootstrapped as possible.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Massive projects with no sense of scope are entertaining to brainstorm and a monster to execute. As a project manager, it is your duty to protect your teams from unwieldy project expectations, which means negotiating with that stakeholder (be it your boss or a client) to figure out what is and isn\u2019t reasonable.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>2. Keeping the schedule on track<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unfortunately, projects often experience some kind of delay. Your task estimates were off, there wasn\u2019t enough level of effort accounted for, a team member has to take a surprise week off to deal with a family issue, or a stakeholder wants to revisit requirements. No matter the cause of the delay, it\u2019s up to the project manager to negotiate with all affected parties how the project should move forward with its timeline.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>3. Adding guide rails to a budget<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Similarly, almost three in four projects experience <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cost_overrun\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">cost overruns<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or unexpected costs that cause the project to exceed its budget. When it comes to the tough decision-making around what to do when the money runs out (or how to prevent cost overrun in the first place), it\u2019s the project manager\u2019s job to know what all parties want and negotiate how to get them there as reasonably as possible.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>4. Mending hurt egos<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We have all had that team member who has decided that they know how to plan, execute, analyze, and follow up on a project better than the project manager. Egos run amok in project management. Getting team members to recognize their limits and expectations is essential for managing a team. When stakeholders, sponsors, and\/or team members don\u2019t feel respected or valued, it\u2019s up to you to work things out.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>5. Managing team workloads<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A core part of a project manager\u2019s job is negotiating just how much each team member has to contribute to a project each week. Project managers need to balance the team\u2019s needs\u2014individual bandwidth, vacation time, and competing projects\u2014with the business\u2019 needs. Successful project managers can inspire both parties to meet somewhere in the middle. One way to achieve this is by using a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">resource management tool<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with tentative bookings and a clash management feature enabling you to plan work while you negotiate competing priorities with the relevant people.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>6. Balancing perfect, good, bad, and great<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From Aristotle to Voltaire, great thinkers have formed a consensus throughout history: the pursuit of perfection undercuts the ability to act on what\u2019s good. Project managers are responsible for quality control. When a deliverable isn\u2019t quite up to standards, it\u2019s up to the PM to intervene. And if a team member is fussing endlessly over her deliverable to make it as close to perfection as possible, it\u2019s the PM\u2019s job to say, \u201cStop. What you have is good enough.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5-negotiation-skills-and-hacks-every-project-manager-should-know\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5 negotiation skills and hacks every project manager should know<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Effective project managers hone their negotiation skills to become better PMs and to help their projects run smoother.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Below, we\u2019ve compiled the most critical techniques project managers can use to navigate through their project\u2019s jungle of compromise.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>1. Distinguish what type(s) of power you have<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to Harvard Law School\u2019s <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pon.harvard.edu\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Program on Negotiation<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, three types of power are relevant to any negotiation.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><b> Your level of dependence on others:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> How much control do you have before you run into other stakeholders? The less you\u2019re reliant on others\u2019 approval, the more flexibility you have in the negotiation process.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b> Authority based on your role in the company: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How much authority do you have to negotiate in the first place? The answer to this question tends to be more dependent on your company\u2019s culture and business model.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><b> Psychological power:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> How persuasive you are. The Harvard authors note, \u201cInterestingly, being powerful and feeling powerful have essentially the same consequence for negotiations.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Knowing how much of which kinds of power can benefit you immensely. If you\u2019re an intern trying to find an agreement with a CEO, you\u2019re going to have a lot less negotiating power than the CEO. Understanding the power dynamics in your company can help you navigate how much you should be prepared to give and how much leeway you have when determining your BATNA.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>2. Know your BATNA<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div id=\"attachment_2526\" style=\"width: 953px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2526\" class=\"wp-image-2526 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Resource-Guru-BAFTA-ZOPA-943x475.png\" alt=\"Visual illustration of BATNA (Best Alternative To a Negotiated Agreement) and ZOPA (Zone of Potential Agreement) by Resource Guru\" width=\"943\" height=\"475\" srcset=\"https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Resource-Guru-BAFTA-ZOPA-943x475.png.webp 943w, https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Resource-Guru-BAFTA-ZOPA-1042x525.png.webp 1042w, https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Resource-Guru-BAFTA-ZOPA-1536x774.png 1536w, https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Resource-Guru-BAFTA-ZOPA.png 1912w, https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/07\/Resource-Guru-BAFTA-ZOPA-943x475@2x.png.webp 1886w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 943px) 100vw, 943px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-2526\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><em>An illustration of the project management negotiation concept of BATNA and ZOPA (Zone of Potential Agreement).<\/em><\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In their book <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amazon.com\/Getting-Yes-Negotiating-Agreement-Without\/dp\/0143118757\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Getting to Yes: Negotiating Without Giving In<\/span><\/i><\/a><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, <\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">authors Roger Fisher and William Ury coined the term BATNA, or \u201c<\/span><b>B<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">est <\/span><b>A<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lternative <\/span><b>T<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">o a <\/span><b>N<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">egotiated <\/span><b>A<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">greement.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Your BATNA is what you\u2019re willing and unwilling to do if negotiations fail.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Fisher and William recommend the following steps to determine your BATNA:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Know which actions you could take if you can\u2019t reach an agreement. Which alternatives are available to you?<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Take those alternatives and brainstorm. How can you make them practical and actionable? How can you make them work for you?\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Select the alternative that seems best to you.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From there, take time to figure out the lowest-quality outcome before going with the alternative.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Knowing your BATNA sets you up to have all the information you need about what you will and won\u2019t accept and how you will react if you can\u2019t come to agreeable terms with a project stakeholder.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>3. Capitalize on anchoring bias<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cAnchoring,\u201d otherwise known as \u201cfocalism,\u201d is a cognitive bias that describes the \u201ccommon human tendency to rely too heavily, or \u2018anchor,\u2019 on one trait or piece of information when making decisions.\u201d In negotiation, anchoring bias comes in the form of using the first offer as a guidepost for what future offers should look like.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Project managers can take advantage of this human psychology fallacy by making the first offer during the negotiation process. Whether you\u2019re trying to get someone to turn on their Zoom camera during remote daily standups or negotiating a tricky vacation request, making the first offer will set the tone for the rest of the discussion.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Remember that you aren\u2019t immune to anchoring bias yourself. One way to overcome anchoring bias is to identify your anchors and evaluate whether they\u2019re the best way to evaluate a situation. As an article on anchoring from The Decision Lab points out, a study published in the journal <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/01461672002611010\"><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin<\/span><\/i><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> in 2000 found this strategy to be effective. They explain:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In one study, car experts were asked to judge whether a resale price of a certain car (the anchor) was too high or too low, after which they were asked to provide a better estimate. However, before giving their own price, half of the experts were also asked to come up with arguments against the anchor price. These participants showed a weaker anchoring effect, compared to those who hadn\u2019t come up with counterarguments.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In other words, the best way to use anchoring to your advantage is to make the first \u201canchoring\u201d offer in a negotiation. And the best way to avoid anchoring bias is to evaluate your anchors\u2014choose only to use the ones that best serve your argument.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>4. Practice patience\u00a0<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"adblock adblock--bright09\">\r\n<div class=\"adblock__image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2210\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/bbh.png\" alt=\"BBH\" width=\"562\" height=\"576\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2203\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/alex-matthews.png\" alt=\"Alex Matthews\" width=\"528\" height=\"576\" \/><\/div>\r\n<blockquote>\"Resource Guru has the perfect balance of simplicity and detail. It\u2019s easy to see where issues might arise.\"\r\n\r\n<footer><strong>Alex Matthews\r\n<\/strong>Head of Creative Technology<\/footer>\r\n<svg class=\"curve__right\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 236\">\r\n<path d=\"M42,0H0C20.4,38,31.14,77.5,31.14,118S20.4,198,0,236H42Z\" style=\"fill:#40264d;fill-rule:evenodd\"\/><\/svg>\r\n<svg class=\"curve__bottom\" preserveAspectRatio=\"none\" viewBox=\"0 0 236 42\">\r\n<path d=\"M236,42V0c-38,20.4-77.5,31.14-118,31.14S38,20.4,0,0V42Z\" style=\"fill:#40264d;fill-rule:evenodd\"\/><\/svg>\r\n<\/blockquote>\r\n<div class=\"adblock__link\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/blog\/wp-content\/themes\/resourceguru_2019\/images\/resource-guru-vertical.svg\" \/>\r\n<a id=\"customtestimonial\" class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\">Try It Free<\/a><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Time. It\u2019s a resource that project managers don\u2019t often call upon because it\u2019s considered so scarce. Still, when it comes to a negotiation, PMs can often make good use of it, especially when dealing with project sponsors and stakeholders.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Patience in negotiations can happen with extra seconds, minutes, hours, weeks, or even months or (rarely) years. Time during a negotiation process is relative to what\u2019s under discussion. Sometimes even decision-making timelines can be extended to craft the proper agreement.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.watershedassociates.com\/learning-center-item\/time-and-patience-negotiations.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Watershed Associates<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, taking your time can lead to the following benefits:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It can encourage flexibility and soften expectations<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It can promote the other parties to accept or confront challenging choices<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It can force concessions<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whether you\u2019re negotiating with a product owner, a third-party stakeholder, or a member of the developer team, take account of how much time you can use to your advantage.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><strong>5. Ask open-ended questions<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the best negotiation skills project managers can pick up is asking powerful open-ended questions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Open-ended questions create the opportunity to learn about the other party\u2019s BATNA, their values, and their reasoning for disagreeing with you. These kinds of questions also allow you to use more human psychology to your advantage\u2014<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.psychologicalscience.org\/news\/minds-business\/asking-questions-increases-likability.html\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">people are much more likely to be agreeable<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> if they talk more than listen in a conversation, which open-ended questions naturally invite.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some valuable open-ended questions include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWould you mind explaining what the goal is for this requirement?\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cI\u2019m not sure I fully grasp all the intricacies in your proposed budget. Would you mind going over them with me?\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cCan you tell me what\u2019s most important to the client for this project?\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cIs there any reason you can\u2019t?\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWhat other solutions have you thought about?\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cWhat else should we consider about this project\u2019s scope?\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One form of open-ended questions I\u2019m particularly fond of is the mirroring technique\u2014take a statement from the other party and turn it into a question.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For example:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Them: This budget is unreasonable!<br \/>\n<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">You: This budget is unreasonable?<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There\u2019s no \u201cwhy\u201d involved when doing this\u2014that can come across as condescending and productive\u2014but it also prompts the other party to consider why they\u2019re taking their position. In a best-case situation, they may even talk themselves into seeing things your way.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Negotiation-in-project-management-Conclusions\"><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Negotiation in project management: Conclusions<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Negotiation in project management is tricky. Whether project managers are navigating unrealistic sponsor expectations or convincing a team member to pick up the pace, it\u2019s their job to find the best solution for the project.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Luckily, project managers have several negotiation skills and hacks they can lean back on. Project managers can equip themselves to get the best outcome for all parties involved, from determining how much power they have during the negotiation to strategic mirroring.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the best ways project managers can prepare for a negotiation is by taking stock of current and future project work. From exploring how resources are spending their time hour-by-hour to a month-by-month overview of which projects are due when, project managers use <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/resourceguruapp.com\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Resource Guru<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to arm themselves with all the information they need to advocate for what\u2019s best for the project, team, and stakeholders.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Want to take Resource Guru for a spin? <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/app.resourceguruapp.com\/signup\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Get 30 days completely free<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">! <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Project managers are professional negotiators.\u00a0 We\u2019re negotiating constantly\u2014even when we don\u2019t realize it. We negotiate resources, timelines, budget, and scope every time we start a new project. We negotiate stakeholder expectations and vacation plans. We don&#8217;t&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":2670,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","mc4wp_mailchimp_campaign":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-project-management"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Project Management Negotiation \u2013 A Definitive Guide for 2022<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Looking to become successful with negotiation in project management? 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